Adoloscence and substance abuse Essay

Adolescence is a critical period in human development. It is the period during which individuals undergo biological, psychological and social transformations, as they become adults. These transformations occur simultaneously and without conscious awareness by youth going through these changes. Any transformation an adolescent goes through may have an impact on the introduction and progression of teenage substance use. Substance abuse is drug abuse. Most substance abusers globally are the adolescents. This is because their developmental stage is vulnerable to anything. The brain development of an adolescent is not fully developed. A teenager may physically resemble an adult but still lack the brain maturation to think like one. To expect adolescents to make adult like decisions in regard to substance use is an unlikely expectation for most teenagers. Adolescence is defined as those behavioral changes that take place between childhood and maturity or adulthood. It is the changing period from childhood to adulthood. Adolescence is viewed as a time where biological, psychological and social transitions take place. It is the most critical stage of human development. During adolescence, different behavior patterns become more frequent (Cobb, 2006). These behavioral trends include risk- taking behaviors, conflicts between the adolescence peers and parents and greater social development. Every individual adapts to their behavior depending on how they were brought up, their social interactions and adult influences. The physical development of adolescence is known as puberty. It is the stage a person is able to reproduce (Cobb, 2006). Adolescence Physical development is all about the body changes. It involves genital growth, changes in body odor. Voice changes, growth of pubic hair, breast development and menstruation in female. The psychosocial development of adolescence is complicated. It involves hormones, love interests and intellectual pursuits. All this complicates adolescence development. In this development, stress, depression, lack of sleep, and anxiety are common among teenagers (Johnston et al, 2006). It is during this psychosocial development that adolescent teenagers are at risk of bad behavior. This development mostly involves intellectual pursuits and social interactions. Adolescents’ brains are usually not fully developed. This plays a major role in immature emotional and cognitive development. It is during adolescence that teenagers adapt easily to different behaviors. How bad and well the behavior is depended on how an individual was brought up and the social interactions. Many risky behaviors such as substance abuse start at the adolescent stage of human development. Adolescence is also a time when young individuals take risks that can have a long time effects on their health and well being. Substance abuse is the misuse of drugs. Most adolescents are prone to drugs and substance abuse. This is because the adolescent brains are not fully developed, and this plays a role in the decisions they make. Immature brain sections may place teenagers at prominent risk to the effects of drugs. Misuse of drugs or substance abuse is mostly associated with the adolescents. Globally, it is estimated through research that five billion people who abuse or use substances are the adolescent (Johnston et al, 2006). Adolescence is a period of significant personal development. It is in this adolescent stage that teenagers are let to make their own decisions. They choose their friends and how they want to live their life. It is during this stage that they can adapt easily to certain behaviors due to influences. It is said that adolescence is the time of testing and novelty seeking. Curiosity on drugs is one way that makes young people abuse substances. Millions of young people try an illicit drug at least once during their adolescent years. The most common substance abuse among adolescents is alcohol and tobacco. Most of the teenagers will have tried either of the two or both. It is estimated that twelve years is the average age of children to take their first alcoholic drink. Nearly 20 percent of twelve to twenty year old is considered to be binge drinkers (Cobb, 2006). Tobacco smoking is also prone to adolescents. Most smokers globally start at their teenage years hence become addicted. It is said that teens are more vulnerable to addiction and receptive to nicotine than are those who start to smoke as adults. Causes of adolescence substance use vary. Peer selection processes, peer influences and cognitive biases play a major role in adolescents substance use. Parental influences also play a role in adolescence substance use. How the adolescent is raised and how the parents behave with them is important to their development. The parent teenage relationship plays major roles in adolescent substance use. Substance abuse has its effects to an individual. Adolescents who use substances frequently are at risk for healthy problems. Alcohol, tobacco and other drugs have certain effects that can cause mental and heath problems. Substance abuse adolescents are at a high risk for various issues that may disrupt with their development. The physical, psychological and social effects of adolescent substance or drug abuse can have lasting consequences for the individual. This may interfere with a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. On-going adolescent substance abuse can make an individual be at a greater risk for addiction in adulthood (Cobb, 2006). The physical consequences of adolescent substance abuse affect an individual physical development. Physical injuries and illnesses occur as a result of drug related accidents and overdoses. The psychological consequences of adolescent substance abuse affect an individual psychological development. Psychological development is all about the brain. The Misuse and overdose of substances leads to mental health problems. Alcohol is one substance that affects an individual psychological development (Cobb, 2006). Tobacco misuse can lead to illnesses such as lung cancer. Other problems may also arise due to tobacco smoking. These illnesses caused by substance abuse can also lead to death. Prolonged substance abuse can cause depression an anxiety, which can disrupt an adolescent ability to function and develop in a productive manner. There are also social consequences due to adolescent substance abuse. Adolescents who frequently abuse substances are more likely to have issues with their social development. Most of them tend to isolate themselves from family and friends. They are also more likely to have troubles with the law and law enforcers. Due to this, the adolescent substance abuser can bring problems within the family. Adolescence is a critical stage. Parents, teachers and any other adult should be role models for healthy behaviors. This is because adolescents adapt certain behavior from their peers and adults. Substance abuse affects adolescents mostly, and this can be avoided if the child to adolescent development is proper. Substance abuse causes major risks to adolescence development. Due to this, it is important for adolescents to be taught good behavior and be corrected when they wrong. Parents, teachers or other adults are people who should play major roles in teenagers’ life. They are a great influence in adolescents hence should be well role models. References Cobb, N. (2006). Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill. Johnston, L. D. , O’Malley, P. M. , & Bachman, J. G. (2006). Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use. New York: National Institute on Drug Abuse.

Difference between active and passive forms Essay

Difference between active and passive forms Introduction Active forms            Inactive forms of the sentence, the doer or the thing that is doing the action is the subject of the sentence while the one that is receiving the action is the subject of the sentence. Most of the sentences in the real world are in the active forms. It is always in the form; (Action Doer or the subject)+(Verb)+( The action receiver or the object) Example John wrote the essay Here; John is the subject, wrote is the verb and essay is the object. Passive Form            In the passive form, the things that are doing the action are the subject of the sentences while the thing that is doing the action is the object and it is placed at the end of the sentence after the word â€Å"by†. The passive form is always used when one thinks that the object or the receiver of the action is to be emphasized or is deemed to be more important. This form is also used to exercise courtesy where one doesn’t want to mention the action’s doer or the doer of the action is not known. It is always in the form; (Action receiver)+(past participle of the verb in question)+(by)+(action doer) Example The essay was written by john Essay is the action receiver, written is the past participle of wrote, by precedes the doer, John References Courtland L. Bovee& John V. Thill, July 21, 2013. Business Communication Today (12th Edition. Source document

Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis - Case Study Example The company, through its resilient and effective marketing tactics, has able to capture market share of around 11.0% by value and 11.2% by volume. Another source from where the company earns a great deal of its revenue is through selling food items. Marks and Spencer is the leading provider when it comes to selling fine quality food. The company sells everything from fresh meals to canned food items, highly acclaimed and praised range of wines to other groceries products. The company has improved its shelf availability and has adopted the strategy of renewing its food range. The proactive approach has resulted in an increase of 1.8% in sales revenue from food business. The financial year 2011 proved to be another progressive year for Marks and Spencer. During the current year, Marks and Spencer’s revenue increased by 2% during the current year to an impressive ?9.7 billion. Although, due to increase in expenditure owing expansion plans of the company, the operating profit decr ease by 2%. The company, following its growth strategy, aspires transform its operation into multi channel business. The company has taken major steps in investing its direct sales business which enhanced the revenue during the current financial year. ... Income statement Revenue – continuing operations UK 8,733 8,568 8,164 8,309 7,978 International 1,007 969 898 713 611 Operating profit – continuing operations UK 679 701 755 1,096 957 International 158 151 116 115 89 Total operating profit 837 852 871 1,211 1,046 Net interest payable (94) (160) (200) (141) (130) Pension finance income 38 11 35 59 21 Profit on ordinary activities before taxation – continuing operations 781 703 706 1,129 937 Analyzed between: Underlying profit before tax 714 695 604 1,007 965 Adjustments to operating profit 66 8 102 122 (29) Income tax expense (182) (180) (199) (308) (278) Profit after taxation 599 523 507 821 659 As quite evident from the above comparison, the financial outlook of the company has improved. The increase in group revenue primarily pertains to the increase in like-for-like sales as well as the addition of new stores and outlets, both in and outside of England. Since Marks and Spencer do a significant number of its sa les overseas, the company’s revenue is majorly increased due to the fluctuation in exchange rate. Although the recent credit crisis and global economic meltdown proved to be a hurdle, but the impact was offset by prudent risk management and apt allocation of capital investment. The gross profit to sales ratio for the year ended December 31, 2011 was 8.93% which has decreased by 0.67% during the current year. Despite the decrease in gross profit to sales ratio, the net profit of the company has increased by ?16.2 million. The increase in net profit is due to the fact that during the current year the company did not spend any exceptional cost which it incurred during the prior year on strategic restructure. In addition, the company took strong measures to control its

Affects of Domestic Violence in Disrupting Family Unity Essay

Affects of Domestic Violence in Disrupting Family Unity - Essay Example This discussion will examine the negative effects of domestic violence on the family unit first interjecting statistics to substantiate the claims that children are the victims as well as the wives. These indicators show that violence within the family so vastly affects children that a major disruption of the family unit is the consequence in every occasion. In homes where domestic violence has been reported against wives, the children are 15 times more likely to have been abused and/or neglected. â€Å"Over 3 million children are at risk of exposure to parental violence each year† (McKay, 1994). The majority of women who have been forced to seek a shelter to escape their tormentor report that their children are also being abused. These children are â€Å"three times more likely to have been abused by their fathers† (McKay, 1994). Research that has been conducted regarding how the prevalence of family violence affects the lives of children suggests that this phenomenon is a critical public health concern. In 1992, state agencies across the U.S. reported over 200,000 incidents of child abuse and half that number of child sexual abuse cases. â€Å"It has been estimated that about 1 in 5 female children and 1 in 10 male children may experience sexual molestation. At least 1,200 children died as a result of maltreatment† (Regier & Cowdry, 1995). Incidences of domestic violence, a growing problem in the U.S., affect the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral development of children, produces disharmony in the family unit and instigates harmful lifetime problems for all concerned. When exposed to threatening or brutal emotional and/or physical treatment, wives and children experience traumatic stress disorders that require exceptional coping skills. Instances of domestic violence are usually unanticipated and uncontrollable which serve to devastate a family

Economic analyses of collusive bidding behavior Article

Economic analyses of collusive bidding behavior - Article Example In line with this, anyone who will be caught guilty of entering into a collusion to control the auction price of milk will be required to pay fine, sent to jail for a period of six month, or both (Porter & Zona, 1997). Despite the government’s effort to control the incidence of collusion in school milk auctions in the U.S., the culture behind collusion in school milk auctions has been going on for a long period of time. The economic issues behind the procurement process and nature of auction for school milk will be provided to give the readers a better understanding of the case study. In response to the case study, some of the key economic issues that could explain the development of collusion in school milk auction will be identified and tackled in details. In line with this, the impact of economic factors like prices, consumer welfare, actual and potential competitors on market competition will be examined to enable us to determine whether or not economic reasons could stimulate the high incidence of collusion in school milk auction will be answered. As part of going through the explanation, the theory of supply and demand will be use to explain what really happens in the market of school milk. The main purpose of the study is to encourage the student to develop his/her expertise in analyzing the economic factors that could trigger the high incidence of collusion in school milk auction in Ohio. The market of school milk supply in the United States is purely affected by the demand, production process, and competition among the suppliers within a geographic area (Porter & Zona, 1997). Although the market of school milk supply is dictated by supply and demand curve, the fact that each school conducts a yearly auction does not necessarily mean that a higher the demand for milk supply would invite more potential milk suppliers to join the

Thinking machine response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Thinking machine response - Essay Example According to Pinker, the mind works in a computational manner by processing representations in an algorithmic and rule controlled manner. Pinker notes that cognitive science has made it possible to study intelligence. It is difficult to define intelligence, but it is seeable. Intelligence is a measure of achieving goals under difficulties by undertaking sound decisions based on set rules. These set of rules provide a base for confirming or proving whether the decisions carried out are intelligent or not. Humans, according to Pinker, stand to learn a lot about the reasoning process and intelligence through computing machines. Intelligence gets derived from information and not from the spirit or a special substance. Pinker counters other definitions of intelligence forwarded by other thinkers such as those from the school of behaviorism who state that intelligence gets described in terms of desires and belief (Pinker 526). Pinker (536) uses the Turing machine to advance the computational theory of mind. He explains how a machine that can carry out rational thought can get built. The Turing machine processed symbols intelligently to provide data following set definitions, yet it was just an arrangement of gadgets. According to Pinker, the mind works in a similar way. The computational model of thinking states that the mind has representations, which it processes in a rule controlled and algorithmic way (Pinker 541). But it does not imply that the mind is similar to a machine. According to Pinker, unlike a single general purpose computer, the mind is a collection of computers which he refers to as ‘mental organs’. These ‘organs’ all carry out specialized subject matter, and each has its own learning mechanism. Pinker’s computational theory of mind offers selling points and others that can get argued as untrue. The first advantage is that it explains how a collection of matter such as the brain or computers can be intelligent. The

Staff Learning and Development in Organizations Essay

Staff Learning and Development in Organizations - Essay Example The essay "Staff Learning and Development in Organizations" aims to evaluate the staff learning and development procedures of selected organizations gathered through the use of the website or internet, magazine and newspaper. It aims to explain which learning theories underpin the staff learning and the logic of using those theories. The organization being analyzed is the University of Maryland Libraries, which is a group or a department in that particular university responsible for providing the needs of sources of information for the student's researches, studies, assignments and so on. With the increase in the demand for sources of information of the students, faculty, staff and the university, they have transformed and developed their strategies in response to this increasing change to provide their users quality service, to achieve the organizations’ goals and objectives and to improve the organization’s performance through staff development. They had applied the L earning Theory of Learning as Understanding with which, they used the cognitive processing of information to internalize principles, integrate perceptions into existing models. They had conducted seminars, conferences and launched curriculum specifically for the purpose of upgrading the quality of services provided by their library staff. As a result of such staff learning and development, the employees of that department had received intrinsic rewards and motivation. The library personnel had become self-driven meaning., they had the initiative to perform actions necessary for the improvement of the whole organization, they developed personal ambitions and the desire to understand and solve problems with their own. As a whole, the organization had produced and maintained a diverse population of improved and skilled library staff contributing to the success of the organization. B. SOURCE FROM MAGAZINE The issue presented on the source from the magazine is about upgrading the proficiency of test questions given to students and the quality of teachers. The issue is to conduct statewide testing to ensure that students are performing well and to assess the quality of teachers with regards to the results of the statewide test. The Achieve, a group of governors and business leaders that pushes for high academic standards is the organization responsible for training and developing quality teachers in the said state. They had adopted the learning theories of BF Skinner which involves stimuli and consequences; reinforce responses through reward and praise. The output of the said statewide testing determines the promotion and salaries of the teachers. It is then with this reason that the teachers and different associations concerned had help each other to provide students quality materials which they can use to upgrade their academic capacities. They had provided the students books, journals, magazines, CD-ROMs, multimedia, web links and the like. In terms of motivation, teachers received greater rewards, higher pay and promotion qualifications. They had

Lung Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lung Cancer - Essay Example Lung cancer originates in the lungs. Cancer is a disease that is usually associated with the wild growth of abnormal cells. In lung cancer, abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way in both or one of the lungs. Due to the fact that the cells are abnormal, they do not develop into healthy tissues and do not play any roles similar to those of normal lung cells. As abnormal cells continue to grow, they develop into a large mass known as a tumor. In a case where the tumor is located in the lungs, it can interfere with the lungs normal functions. DNA, which is a genetic component found in cells is contained in all body cells. Duplication of DNA occurs every time a mature cell divides to form new cells. For this reason, the new cells also contain DNA. Cells that are formed from the division of a mature cell are identical to the original cell in all ways. In the case where the cells are abnormal, this is usually related to a DNA error or mutation. This is usually the case in cancer. A lung cancer cell is a result of a series of mutations. Cells undergoing mutation can still function as normal cells; during this stage, the cells are said to be precancerous. With time, the cells become cancerous and it is during this time that they stop functioning as normal cells of the lungs. Lung cancer may be primary or secondary. This is usually determined by the point of origin of the growth of abnormal cells. This is because in some cases, cells travel from the original tumor to other parts of the body and continue growing there.

Neoclassicism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Neoclassicism - Assignment Example (Kleiner, 2008, p.769). Marat was a writer who supported revolution and also he was a friend of David. Marat ws assassinated in 1783. A member of the rival political faction had stabbed him to death when he was having his medicinal bath to cope with his long-term skin disease that he fell prey to, while hiding from the King’s soldiersin Paris’s seweres. (Kleiner, 2008, p.769). David has used a simple and clear style in this painting. He has intentionally avoided the Macabre and presented Marat as a romantic tragic hero. The pen and paper in his hands remind the onlooker that he was deeply engrossed in his service to revolution as a writer right up to his last breath. The face of Marat is painted as suffering from pain, still full of grace. In his hands, there is a petition that either the assassin brought with her or he was preparing for some poor unfortunate person, to get assistance from a widow of a martyr of the revolution. All this attention given to details raises the virtues of the deceased in the eyes of the beholder. The skin problems that Marat suffered from were intentionally avoided in the painting. In his early years as a painter, David had followed the Rococo style of painting which was considered trendy in those days. But after seeing the renaissance period Greek paintings while he was studying in Rome, he renounced the decorative style of Rococo as â€Å"artificial† and â€Å"exalted the â€Å"perfect form† of Greek art† (Kleiner, 2008, p.769). Art historians have pointed to the resemblance of this painting to the depiction of Christ in Michelangelo’s Pieta’ (Kleiner, 2008, p.769). The arms that are hanging down in both paintings have a similarity un-surpassed by even the eyes of a person with least training in understanding art. This likeness has remained a major source of controversy regarding the ideological positions reflected in this

Consider the impact of the Vietnam War on American culture Essay

Consider the impact of the Vietnam War on American culture - Essay Example B. During this period TV was an important medium for information; news reports of the war telecasted the gory details which reinforced the feeling of redundancy of the war among the Americans, resulting in antiwar protests and demonstrations. III. Effects of advancement A. Cambodian invasion in 1970 resulted in antiwar demonstrations in college campuses all over American. In a few days time, deaths of students occurred in large number. B. The redundancy of the war added with thousands of American soldiers getting killed in war fueled the antiwar sentiments among the young Americans. Large number of young Americans left the war to burn their draft cards. This became a national sensation due to wide coverage by the television. IV. Evolution of the advancement A. In Vietnam, the increasing intensity of the war created psychological problems among the American troops which resulted in drug consumption among them. The hippie culture was reflected back home in American among the youth when they protesting against the war by blocking roads and government buildings for days, singing songs and consuming drugs. B. Music industry developed vastly during the Vietnam era with hundreds of songs getting recorded in single years. Music like rock ‘n’ roll albums that were conceived during that era are popular even after several decades have passed. V. Conclusion A. The hippie culture among the youth created antiheroes in the society who influenced the culture for a generation. B. Popular music of different genres during that era established both the antiwar views and the prowar statements. Music was adopted by the young antiwar protestors as a way of voicing their views. Introduction and Thesis Statement The Vietnam War was a long running combat between the nationalist forces and the United States with the alliance of South Vietnam. The war was more a strategic movement by America to curb communism, and the nation’s involvement was in all terms unofficial st atus. The American troops dispatched under the official purpose of military training to the South Vietnamese troops. The war had a huge impact on the music and culture of America. Events that Led to the Advancement The war, which apparently seemed redundant to the general Americans, had a great impact on them. It has divided the American people like no other war has done. The atrocities of the war were telecasted on the TV, the unspeakable violence induced people to distance themselves from the war. The costs incurred during the war affected the nation’s economy for decades after the war ended. During the mid twentieth century America got involved in the Vietnam as it felt threatened by the growing influence of communism. However, the young generation of that period did not see any concrete reason to feel threatened, and as such, the Vietnam War did not seem a necessity. Moreover, atrocities and millions of American soldiers getting killed and maimed were telecasted in TV whi ch was viewed in every American home. The war was often characterized as the living-room war or the television war. During the course of the war, the events in the battlefield were telecasted in a systematic manner. It was an era when televisions were rapidly becoming a forceful medium of news for the Americans. According to a survey in 1964, the American people had equal trust on newspapers and televisions for information. By 1972, another survey

Study Skills and Infomation Literacy for Students Essay Example for Free

Study Skills and Infomation Literacy for Students Essay Excellent study skills and information literacy are essential for the successful path of education in every student’s life. Nowadays, students face more challenges in their daily tasks and duty due to the accelerating progress of information, communication and technology. They have step their feet into the zone of competition among others to obtain outstanding achievements in each thing they perform. So, how are they going to ensure if they could acquire these meets and criteria to express themselves as great achievers? Therefore, it is crucial for them to adapt and practice these study skills and information literacy in their life. Study skills are the abilities and approaches applied to learning. They are generally critical to success in school, are considered essential for acquiring good grades, and are useful for learning throughout ones life. Besides, they are very basic techniques for learning relatively unsophisticated materials. Study skills can be developed to improve a learner’s capacity to learn. If we learn how to study effectively, how to find information that we need, how to read and understand what we read, how to memorize things, and how to plan ahead for tests, then we will not only make better grades, but will also learn more easily. Good study skills can help us learn good discipline skills which will help us in our life after school as well. Without good study skills, a student cannot succeed. To succeed, students must be able to appropriately assimilate course content, digest it, reflect on it, and be able to articulate that information is in written or in oral form. Many people feel the hours of study are the most important. However, students can study for hours and in the end retain very little. Besides, study skills are significant to promote a passion for what students wish to do. Passion is critical and leads to an intense interest, dedication, and commitment to achieve career, goals and objectives. They also feel comfortable and easy going when their time is managed properly. Essentially having well developed study skills will help them become more confident, effective, productive and intelligent in both of their personal and professional lives. These skills are the sole foundation of a good education. Good study skills will save their time and by that token they tend to have more time to spend with friends or doing other activities such as sports or service projects. Moreover, these will result in less stress because given any topic they will know how to approach learning the material. Likewise, information literacy too plays an important role in student’s success in learning. Information literacy is the ability to evaluate the credibility of information and to use information properly. We identify what information is needed, understand how the information is organized, identify the best sources of information for a given need, locate those sources, evaluate the sources critically, and share that information. It is the knowledge that commonly used in research techniques. Why information literacy is crucial? Information literacy is critically important because we are surrounded by a growing ocean of information in all formats. Not all information is created equal; some is authoritative, current, reliable, but some is biased, out of date, misleading and false. The amount of information available is going to keep increasing. The types of technology used to access, manipulate, and create information will consequently expand. ‘People are information literate who know when they need information, and are then able to identify, locate, evaluate, organize and effectively use the information to address and resolve personal, job-related or broad social issues and problems’, (adopted by the 2003 UNESCO meeting in Prague). Information literacy provides an opportunity for people to acquire knowledge and provides motivation to them to pursue learning throughout their lives. Therefore, it is a mean of personal empowerment. In addition, in order to perform their roles and responsibilities, individuals need various types of information inputs. â€Å"Information is, in fact, our most precious resource. In such a world, education should empower everyone, not the few. But for information to become knowledge, and ultimately, one hopes, wisdom, it must be organized. In this new climate, the public interest challenge, beyond access and equity is sorting and selection† (Boyer, 1997, p. 140). We are outfitting our schools, libraries, and homes with electronic technologies. But are we reparing students for the onslaught of information that is provided by these technologies. What happens when students get more information from the internet and than previously conveyed by their teachers or textbooks? What should a student do when faced with so many informational possibilities? This is where information literacy establishes it’s important thus, they need to understand and differentiate between types of information. They must define the need of the information and relating it to knowledge. These are all the implementation of information literacy which benefits students during their study time. Furthermore, they will not be panic once get an abundant supply of information, because they are already exposed to the method on how to manage such information. Hence, they will solve the specific problem regarding that matter with a suitable solution without any distractions and pressure. To articulate more on our study skills’ topic, one of the most important skill is the time management. Time should be well managed, before, during and also after completing a task. Usually, before starting my task, I will divide it into several parts. This is to ensure that I do not feel bored or stressed. For example, recently my English language teacher asked me to come up with a simple newsletter and the duration given to complete and submit this task is one week. So first, I selected the title. Then, I divided the newsletter into cover page, content, acknowledgement, introduction, essays, articles, ending, reflection and reference. I set my time to finish these things, such on the first day; I completed the cover page, acknowledgement and introduction. Next day, I took my initiative to find materials hence, finished the essays and the articles and so on for coming two days. After that, I did the last parts of the newsletter. By taking these steps to complete it, I did benefit a lot because when I set a specific time to do it, that means I will put my full effort to find the materials, do the draft and type it by the day itself. These ensure that, the duty set to be finished does not get postponed. Besides, I would not undergo stress and face difficulties during doing it, because I have already divided the tasks so, each has it’s own time set to be done. Therefore, after finish one, the next day I do proceed to another, means the work pressure and burden are not felt that much, because it is not an overnight’s work. Each second is precious, so we should not waste any of it, as the proverb says, ‘time is golden’. Time is the most valuable one because once it has passed then, we cannot bring it back, gone is gone that is it! Thence, each second and minute we should spend for good deeds as it could bring us splendid input! Other than managing my time for my studies, I too need to deal well with my time to be with my family, to socialize and to just be alone sometimes. In some case where I had a lot of stuffs to be done, and at the same time I we would plan for a family gathering party. So, this is the point where I need to list my priority; of which comes first and must be settled. Family is also important, but compare to my study stuffs, I have to give them first priority, because almost all the time I can spend time with my family, but my assignments; there is time restriction for it. Therefore I need to adhere to the deadline given. Foremost, I have to handle time wisely, where before I turn on the television or go for a play, I will finish my homework first. I have developed a schedule for my daily routines to make sure I have time for everything I want do get done. In fact, I choose specific time slots in a week to study the subjects, to validate that I do not blow them off. I would also fix some goals when managing my time. Instead, of ‘I will read this whole chapter this night’ I will set ‘I am going to read five at daytime and the rest five before bedtime’. This method will be a fine one and give my mind a break before I proceed to the next chapter. I always try to keep my schedule flexible. When unexpected events occur, I will adjust it according to the urge and revise it again. Then, I also add up and circle the total number of study hours I realistically plan to set aside daily. Sometimes, I do reward myself for using study time effectively. This way will ensure that, I really occupy the time for studying, because I know once I am done with that, I will sure get my reward! This is also proven by researches, where people work better if they get an immediate gift for their effort. So in my schedule permits, I do set up a reward system. For example, I will allow myself to telephone my friend, watch my favorite movie or munch on little snacks. To guarantee that this system functions well, I do strictly follow my schedule honestly without cheating. In addition, concentration in class is really very important to achieve well grades. Since, sometimes after I reach home I feel so tired and lazy to revise the book, so meanwhile the teacher is teaching, I always sit in front, seldom chit chat with my buddies, focus and pay attention to her. I do that because; I would remember the verbal and non verbal communication between us, the action and the questions that she asked me. Then I try to have a small flashback on what I learned on that day. I also be alert in the class, because anytime questions might arise and possibilities for myself to answer it may be high too. All these scenes will be fresh in my mind even till the last hours when I am going to sit for my exams. Is it weird? Of course not, because when I am answering my exam questions I will come to an end where I am out of idea and do not know what else to answer to solve the question. So the alternate way is reflecting back to my times in the classroom, the conversation between me and my sir, the question did rose, my answers, the diagrams on the whiteboard and also the solving method; I am very sure these matters did helped me to answer because, somehow when reflecting all those things, I will come to an idea or solution for the questions. That is why concentration in class is very much significant. From my experience, one of the major elements of study skills which contributed to my study’s success is the mind map. What is a mind map actually? It is the ‘whole- brain alternative to linear thinking and reaches out in all directions and catches thoughts from any angle’ by ( Michael Michalko, cracking creativity). Mind map is the ultimate organizational study tool. It is very effective for me, because by doing mind map, it is easy for me to put information into my brain which maps out my thoughts. It is very simple too. Mind map gives an overview of a huge subject to me, besides enable me to gather together large amounts of data in one place. Moreover, it boosts problem solving by allowing me to see new creative pathways. Fore most, it is enjoyable to be seen, read, muse over and remember. Mind map had helped me a lot in my studies to learn faster and more efficiently, see the whole picture of the problem and also to remember better. These are because, mind maps use colours, curved lines, symbol, words and images according to a set of simple, basic , natural and brain- friendly rules. Colour is the leading feature in a mind map. I would start it by putting in my favorite colours and make it to appear more interesting; as it also triggers my creative thinking processes. To add more, mind map includes each aspect of the left and right brains and is therefore a superb whole- brained thinking tool. This is because when I do mind maps, I do use words, logics, numbers, lists, images, dimensions, and colours too; mean it has occupied fully my brain and assists to come up with new ideas and problem solving methods. If we do look deeply, everything is someway connects to everything else. This is very true because when I am given a complication to be solved in studies, first I would take a minute to think about the main topic I need to investigate and that will be the center part of my mind map. For example, it allows me to focus on the topic that will be titled â€Å"daily living†. Next I start to add sub- branches and they will be connected to the title as leisure, diet, work, study, exercise and ideal hours. From each of the sub- branch, it will form new sub- branches. For instance, under diet, I would come up with ideas connected to it such as, vitamins, balanced meals and water; for the sub- branch of study there will form new branches namely, subjects, ways to study and needs to study. Beneath needs for study, I could write again well balanced meals and also vitamins. So these both diet and study branches; come to a point of sharing the same sub- branches. At here it is clearly shown that mind map helped me to demonstrate the connection between isolated pieces of information while letting me to group and regroup concepts and encouraging comparison between them. Therefore I am trying to prove that, mind maps really worked for me and made me easy to remember facts which were useful for me when I answered questions that needed my biological knowledge. From the interconnected facts, I could concentrate more on the topic that serves to get information about it and transferred from short- term memory to a long term memory.

Good vs. Evil Essay Example for Free

Good vs. Evil Essay There are many concepts that are determined in the eye of the beholder. People have different morals; someone’s morals could be seen as corruption to someone else. What someone considers beautiful, another might consider appalling. A person’s definition of justice could be someone else’s definition of illegal. There are many factors as to why we all have different paradigms, such as the way we were raised, our past experiences, our culture, or our faith. Consequently, we all judge accordingly to our own perspectives. In East of Eden, John Steinbeck states that one can be assumed good or evil once the person has died. With our different paradigms, we would have different perspectives on good and evil. Therefore, we do not know the correct definition of good or evil, so it would not be right for us to judge someone at all before or after their death. Everything we see is perspective, but how are we so sure it is the truth? Take for example, a flower. To a human, it is small enough to hold in his hand; to an insect, it is big enough to be a home. The human and the insect are looking at the same flower, but view it differently. Is the ant simply miniature, or is the human just too big? It cannot be deemed because there are different paradigms that manipulate our judgment. There are also more serious cases that this applies to. On July 5, 2011, Casey Anthony was found not guilty for murdering her young daughter Caylee. Observers were stunned and outraged by the jury’s verdict. Jurors claimed that it could not be proven that Casey Anthony was guilty because there was not enough evidence. There were only facts that led up to the conclusion that Casey could be the murderer, but there were no raw and actual facts that clearly showed that Casey was responsible for the death of her daughter. The death penalty weighed a lot on the deliberation of the jurors. They had a life in their hands; conclusions and inferences were not enough to find her guilty. The jury could be deemed good for following the law and abiding by their oath, or they could be deemed evil for letting a potential murderer get away with a crime. There are many positions on this verdict based on our viewpoints, but we do not actually know the truth. There are so many perspectives in the universe, we can never be so sure which is the correct one. Without knowing the truth, our judgments aren’t justified. They say there is a story behind everything. Stories usually have two sides to them, maybe even more. Often times, we want to believe that we know the full story. As human beings, we like closure and we do not like unanswered questions. But should it often occur to someone that there may be multiple unknown sides to a story? Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her bedroom from an overdose on August 5, 1962. Monroe’s death remains a mystery and has become one of the most debated conspiracy theories of all time. Some people believe that her death was a homicide, and some people believed it was a suicide. There could be many unknown explanations to Monroe’s death, and we may never find out. Without knowledge of how she died, our judgments are not rationalized. There are always going to be unanswered questions and ambiguous endings. As humans, what we believe is virtuous usually leads back to our viewpoints and understanding of life. Everyone has their life structured a certain way according to their beliefs. Our beliefs have a huge impact on our mentality and actions whether we believe in God, Buddha, Atheism, Karma, or anything at all. With differentiating religion and beliefs, there is no validity to our judgments. Without the knowledge of the truth, we are not able to judge righteously; we would be assuming blindly. It is a human instinct to judge. We judge to make laws so society can function in an orderly manner, we judge to protect ourselves from harm by distinguishing what seems to be dangerous or harmful, and we also judge to make decisions to benefit ourselves, such as choosing the college to our desire. Although these are rational reasons as to why we should judge, they also lead to war, terrorist attacks, stereotypes, and prejudice. Our assumptions and judgments revolve around our perspective. Our paradigms frame our judgments, and this often results to different positions and viewpoints. The concept of good and evil are in the eyes of the beholder. The true definition of good and evil may never be revealed in our lifetime. Consequently, we are not able to deem someone good or evil before or after their death since we do not have the understanding of these ideas in the first place. Works Cited Death of Caylee Anthony. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Dec. 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Death_of_Caylee_Anthony.

Hyatt Regency Dubai Profile Of Service Tourism Essay

Hyatt Regency Dubai Profile Of Service Tourism Essay Hyatt was founded on September 27th, 1957 by Jack D Crouch and Hyatt R. von Dehn who purchased a motel called Hyatt House located next to the international airport on Los Angeles. After a few years, it was sold to Jay Pritzker who along with his brother Donald, worked with family members who were interested and grew Hyatt into a hotel company ownership with Northern American management. They went public in 1962. The development of Hyatt International occurred in 1968 and eventually became a public company separately. Hyatt International Corporation along with Hyatt Corporation was privately held in 1979 and 1982 respectively by Pritzker family business interests. Every hospitality asset they owned along with the Hyatt Corporation and International became combined under one unit, Hyatt Hotels Corporation. Their mission statement is: Our mission is to provide authentic hospitality by making a difference in the lives of the people we touch every day Hyatts first venture overseas occurred in 1969 with the opening of the Hyatt Regency Hong Kong. Park Hyatt and Grand Hyatt were introduced in 1980. Hyatt has more than 340 hotels around the globe as of today. Hyatt Hotels Corporation proudly celebrates more than fifty years of history with a deep rooted status as an industry innovator which encourages the company to a bright future in enhancing creative hospitality. 4.0 HYATT REGENCY DUBAI. 4.1 OVERVIEW Hyatt Regency Dubai is a luxurious, modern hotel situated in the Deira district of Dubai adjacent to the Deira Corniche, a notorious boulevard in Dubai. Situated at a convenient distance from the textile souk, spices souk and gold souk, it is also just 7km away from the first mega mall in Dubai, Deira City Centre. The hotel comprises of 14 luxury rooms and suites that face the breathtaking Arabian Gulf. In terms of leisure, the 5 star hotel provides a spa, Club Olympus and has a golf course on its premises. They have an ice skating rink, tennis court, outdoor swimming pool and a fitness centre. Dubai is a major tourist hub attracting people with its dhow cruises, sandy beaches, dune bashing, camel racing, recreational parks and much more. 4.2 MARKET ANALYSIS. Hyatt Corporation has dramatically changed the view and impact of the hotel hospitality industry. Hyatt has specialized in providing luxury hotels, catering the needs of high-end business travelers by providing facilities for meetings and other related amenities to enhance their lodging experience. Having various brands such as Hyatt Regency, Grand Hyatt, Park Hyatt and Andaz catered mainly for high-end business customers. Hyatt Regency hotels are a core brand of the Hyatt Corporation, located at the metropolitan areas, targeting exclusive business travelers. Hyatt Regency, Dubai is a typical business transit hotel positioned to serve the upscale business traveler market segment by providing high quality services, accommodation and facilities served for business and conventional purposes (Executive Manager of Hospitality Hyatt Regency). The main strength of Hyatt Regency being the Loyalty amongst guests, they believe in the happy customer, more sales approach. Thus they have emphasiz ed their quality of services and distinguished themselves amongst other competing hospitality businesses in that manner. Hyatt Regency is one of the oldest and well known hotels in Dubai; also it is one of the only hotels in Dubai that has an indoor ice-rink and a shopping mall located within the Hotel to ease and enhance the stay of the guests, also located in a metropolitan area in Deira it is near the Dubai Gold Souk and a lot of cultural and local sites to make ideal stay for a tourist visiting Dubai. 4.3 COMPETITION. Hyatt is challenged with direct competition from hotels like Hilton and Marriott internationally and other hotels in Dubai that serve business customers. Hyatt Regency aims at providing a high-standard lodging experience that would encourage the frequency of their guests. Hyatt Worldwide has a Gold Passport frequency loyalty program that they believe is a strategy to increase their appeal and thereby their frequency of guests, therefore being loyal to the Corporation internationally and also helps in capturing other segments. Hyatt Corporation has a double dipping program with airline associates such as Emirates Airlines and these Skywards passengers are given special offers and discounts as mentioned by the Executive Manager of Hospitality at Hyatt Regency, Dubai. Besides the competition from major business hotels Hyatt also faces competition from leisure related hotels, also the location of Hyatt Regency is considered unsound being located in the old-Dubai business central and since Dubais business Central has been shifted to other locations e.g. Jebel Ali, etc. other hotels in these areas can stand as competition to Hyatt Regency. Another issue with Hyatt being their promotional strategies, they believe in advertising abroad in Europe, and other continents, but fail to advertise and promote the hotel in Dubai and the Middle East. But overall Hyatt Regency has been profitable over the years with its well known base of loyal customers and by exceeding the quality services and standards of Hyatt Corporation. HYATT REGENCY DUBAI PROFILE OF SERVICE 5.1 ROLE Guest The guest will arrive at the service factory. Once he enters the service factory, he will approach the front stage service provider and check in. He will be provided with all the facilities needed by him which are available. He then pays his bills and checks out. Service Provider (Hyatt Regency). The staffs are always ready at the desk. As guests arrive, they will greet them answer their questions and check them in. Often they will suggest or assist the guests with their decisions. The guests are provided with all the services without a say of No and all the services provided are recorded. 5.2 SCRIPT: Guest: Arrive at the Hotel Enter the Hotel Doorman: Greet and direct the Guest Front desk staff: Greet guest Guest: Enquire and book room Front desk staff: Answer question and check in guest Elevator/ Hallway Staff: Greet Guest: Goes to room enjoys supplementary services and core service/ service consumption Pay and check out Front desk staff: Greet and checkout guest Guest: Exit service factory 5.3 FLOW CHART. 5.3.1 FRONT STAGE ACTIVITIES: Greeting Guests Providing Information Service Consumption Payment Registering Guest 5.3.2 BACKSTAGE ACTIVITES: Preparing Food Doing the Ironing Scheduling/ Training Staff Cleaning/ Interior Designing Doing Inventory Check-In Entry Spend Time in Room Room Service Activities Payment Check-Out Room Prepared Prepare Request BLUEPRINT. FLOWER OF SERVICES Hyatt Regencys flower of services consists of the core and supplementary services provided by the hotel. The core service is the central component of the flower which supplies the principal. The core service of Hyatt Regency is to provide a bedroom for a hotel client and a hall for an event client. The petals surrounded by the center are the supplementary services which come as a package and also as optional services which are discussed below in detail. KEY: Facilitating Elements Enhancing Elements 7.1 FACILITATING ELEMENTS. 7.1.1 INFORMATION. Information about the services provided by the company are available locally i.e. in the UAE and internationally through many modes of mediums. The hotel website is the most informative medium of the hotel which provides every piece of information about the hotel from the prices, services, location, activities, hotel background, schedules, and offers to the other hotels in the chain etc. Information is also provided through leaflets in airports, travel agents, newsletters, magazines and newspapers in brief but detailed information can be obtained by calling the hotel anytime and enquiring the front desk with your query. 7.1.2 PAYMENT. Direct and indirect payments can be done through credit card transaction or cash payment. During direct payment credit card transactions are allowed in high and low contact services i.e. in the front desk itself or through online while booking for hotel, car or flight. Cash payments can only be made through high contact service i.e. in the front desk of any service centre of the hotel. During indirect payment the payments can be made either way to the intermediary such as the travel agent, airlines company, tour guide etc which will be passed on to the hotel eventually. 7.1.3 BILLING. Billings for normal guests are done under their name and contact details basis and every service the guest acquires, the time, quantity and the price are printed clearly on a transcript for the customer to check while they check out. Bills signed for each service such as food and beverage or the bars are also maintained to provide a proof for the guest if they lack the knowledge of acquiring a particular service. Billing of members are done under their membership numbers here the same procedure takes place as mentioned above but the members can earn incentive points for the amount of the service and records will be available for them online in their account. 7.1.4 ORDER TAKING. Reservation of rooms fall under this category and in this process the guests are firstly shown the options they can choose from and relevant forms should be filled with provision of secure commitment to delivery. When the decision is made by the guest it is recorded in the registration system under the guests unique field. The order taking of room services are done backstage and in a low contact manner for all services through telephone the order is recorded again on the registration system and delivered within the time frame given and the options are available for the guests in the room leaflets. For other activities such as restaurants, bars, lounges, golf etc the order taking is done front stage and the same procedures as above mentioned are carried on. 7.2 ENHANCING ELEMENTS. 7.2.1 HOSPITALITY. As a service that is hospitality related, utmost importance is placed on the level of interaction by the service employees (concierge) with the customers. Customers are greeted upon arrival. Staffs at Hyatt Regency are also given training in different languages so that customers do not have trouble with communication. Presence of cleanliness was evident in the lobby and lounge areas with on hands cleaning staff. Hyatt Regency provides rooms that are specially designed for the physically challenged. Since business guests tend to be pushed for time and hate lengthy check outs, Hyatt Regency offers onsite Express check-out services. Good hospitality becomes a key factor for customer loyalty. Bellboys and porter services are available to assist guests with their baggage. The hotel also provides free shuttle bus services to various locations around Dubai, like Deira City Centre and Dubai Mall. 7.2.2 CONSULTATION. Counseling that is usually given to a customer to help understand their situations and decide on solutions. During our interview, the Executive Manager of Hospitality mentioned that customers, who are undecided about choosing between featured activities such as the spa or sightseeing, are helped by concierge that are able to provide customized solutions. Since Hyatt Regency is mainly business guests oriented, consultation is also given on packages aimed at stay of corporate groups. 7.2.3 SAFEKEEPING. A factor of safety provided to the customers at the service site. Hyatt Regency has a host of safekeeping services from valet parking, baggage handling by the bell boys, private parking facilities for guests and baby-sitting service on prior arrangement. There was presence of security at the regular level just outside the hotel entrance. During our visit inside the hotel, we observed that there were many Hyatt Regency trained security purpose personnel who stationed themselves at positions to prevent people from entering off-limit areas (i.e. VIP only rooms). The hotel also had 24 hour video security system. 7.2.4 EXCEPTIONS. This supplementary service comes by a way of training to act in situations where policy doesnt play a role. During the interview with the Executive Manager, he mentioned that service personnel were given training in scenarios to deal with special situations. He also mentioned that, if a customer is unhappy with a particular service, the hotel provides extra stay at no extra charge. On special request, the hotel also caters to a customers taste palette if a certain food item they order is not present on the hotel food menu. Hyatt Regencys special request also entails the service of a 24 hour house doctor on call. One way in which Hyatt Regency handles customer complaints/suggestions/compliments is through a site called Trip Advisor that gives reviews and ratings. 8.0 SWOT ANALYSIS. Strengths: Brand image Hyatt has a well recognized brand image and is widely known internationally for having premium offerings and high quality services. Well distinguished services and amenities e.g. the only hotel with an indoor ice-rink and Revolving Restaurant (Al Dawaar) in Dubai. (Hyatt,2010) Rated 5 stars and a part of a well-respected international hospitality chain.(visitdubai, 2010) Hyatt Gold Passport frequency loyalty program encourages more guests. (Hyatt, 2010) Weaknesses: Located in an unsound environment away from the new business and leisure central. (i.e. Jebel Ali, Sheikh Zayed Rd.) Concentrated targeting on business customers can leave over-looking other growing market segments. Failure to market and promote the hotel within the Middle East. Opportunities: Special offers for commercial customers and using different methods to target niche markets. Using methods to promote the hotel within the U.A.E, to increase awareness. Increasing leisure activities during the low-peak seasons i.e. April to August, and targeting family oriented customers. New development in that site such as the Palm Deira which is currently on hold, once completed would increase the attractiveness of that area which will in turn result in more customers. Threats: Political factors can affect the business, such as labor laws, health and safety rules and regulations can change the business practices. Economic fluctuations such as recession or inflation can affect the profitability mainly because its targeted at high-end exclusive business travelers. The negative perceptions about the region can influence potential customers. HYATT REGENCY DUBAIS MARKETING MIX STRATEGIES. 9.1 PRODUCT. Hyatt Hotels Corporation has several chains located all around the world. Hyatt divides its brand into various sub-categories of hotels that differ from each other by the services it provides. Some well recognized brand categories are Park Hyatt, Grand Hyatt, Hyatt Regency and Hyatt Resorts. Hyatt Regency in Dubai mostly caters to business travelers and resort vacationers. The core service that Hyatt Regency offers is the accommodation of guestrooms to its customers. The hotel has around 414 stylish and contemporary guestrooms including 26 suites. Offering over various different styles and classes of room some of which are Gulf View King, Regency Suite King, Regency Executive, Emri Suite and Royal Suites gives customers a variety to choose from. Hyatt Regency also offers convention and meeting facilities since the majority of its customers represent business travelers. The hotel also has a ballroom [1,157 square meters] that can accommodate over a thousand people for events. Hyatt Re gency has around 9 flexible and divisible meeting rooms, two with natural daylight. Their convention and meeting facilities usually offer meal services to the rented rooms, with a selection of food items and cuisines that range from finger food items to lunch buffets. Customizable bookings of rooms make Hyatts core service very flexible to adapt to the requirements of the customer since its main target is towards customer stay satisfaction. Apart from Hyatt Regencys core service of accommodating customers, the hotel also offers a large variety of supplementary services to people. The premise consists of a number of restaurants, bars and lounge, their most famous revolving restaurant Al Dawar located on the rooftop of the hotel. Other places like Focaccia, Miyako, Shahrzad, The Kitchen, Carpenter Bar gives customers a variety of cuisine choices. Hyatt Regency also has recreational facilities which add value to customer stay experience at the hotel. The Club Fitness and Spa, Golf Park and the only hotel which has an ice rink include in these recreational facilities. 9.2 PLACE. Hyatt Regency stands tall towards the edge of Dubai around the cornice area in Deira. This spectacular location overlooks the whole of Dubai, with great views of the Arabian Gulf and the city. The hotel is located only 12km away from the Dubai International Airport and is close to the oldest business sectored area of Dubai. Although it doesnt reside in the heart of the city, it has a lot of tourist attractions minutes away from the hotel. Some of these places would include the shopping areas around the hotel, the Gold Souq, Mamzar Park which is a minutes drive from the hotel, historical museums and also the Creek. The location of Hyatt Regency now isnt that busy as businesses and other commercial activities tend to move towards the west side of Dubai (towards Jebel Ali). However, its location shouldnt be seen as a negative thing to business travelers, the peaceful and the not so busy side of Dubai does make customers see it as an advantage. The construction of the world famous projec t of Dubai, the man-made island known as Palm Deira, (although this project is temporary on hold) would bring forth a lot of opportunities to Hyatt Regency. Once this project is completed there would be great business attraction towards this side of Dubai which would be beneficial to Hyatt Regency since it is known as a business hotel. The channel of distribution that Hyatt Regency uses is more direct since it is a service sectored business. There is close contact with customers where their desired needs would be passed onto the hotel management to cater to, to fully satisfy customer stay experience. 9.3 PRICE. There are many factors that influence the prices charged on services. Hyatt Regencys pricing strategy is kept very flexible due to these factors. Hyatt Regencys prices are very sensitive to the market, which means their prices are highly influenced on the demand of their services they offer. Dubai being a tourist attracting city has led to the increasing number of hotels being set up around the busy areas of Dubai. This makes Hyatt Regency consider focusing on being competitive in the market following a competitive pricing strategy. The current prices of rooms average to around AED900 for a nights stay. This price usually fluctuates based on a number of factors. Firstly, the prices charged to customers are value-based, that is related to the different type of rooms available and the added services chosen by customers. Seasonal changes influence room rates too. The winter season in Dubai is much more pleasant than during the summer, so these rates are often raised during the peak seas on which is between October to March. Another factor that influences price rates is the availability of the rooms, like any business prices charged on the few rooms that are left and available would be more than the regular rate. The time between booking a room and staying in that room can change price rates (immediate bookings are more expensive than advanced bookings). Although all these factors can influence the room rates that Hyatt Regency charges customers they have to be careful not to flee potential customers to their substitutes because when it comes to hotel services in Dubai the cross elasticity of demand is always positive and very sensitive to competition. This means that Hyatt Regency should play its strategy right in the pricing market in the making maximum profit without losing out on sales. 9.4 PROMOTION. Hyatt Regency is known to be more of a business hotel than a tourist attraction. Promotion isnt focused upon as much in the local media. Most of its above the line promotion is carried out in countries outside the UAE, advertising in Western countries and Europe. Hyatt Regency usually gets its customers by associating their hotels with companies that recommend its workers a Hyatt stay. It also attracts customers from airline companies like Emirates. Hyatt Regency does focus on below the line promotional methods, by holding special offers to interest customers with a bundle package of their services, Hyatt Business Plan or the Time for Family special offer packages which are currently promoted to them. There are a lot of reward schemes that Hyatt Regency offers which encourage payment from customers. Every payment transactions made in Hyatt Regency allows the redeemable of Skywards reward points, a good persuasive method of payment. The hotel also introduced a loyalty scheme for custo mers, especially the ones that most frequently stay at Hyatt Regency. This loyalty scheme, the Gold Passport Program, where a customer can collect points on his account based on the number of times he stays there which can be used to request for discounts on his/her next visit at Hyatt. The hotel also has the issuing of gift cards which is seen as a splendid way to attract new customers to experience Hyatts service. 9.5 PROCESS. In Hyatt most of all the processes take place in the backstage which is invisible to the consumer and it is all carried out by the backstage staff and the registration system. The process begins with the guest reserving a room in the hotel and ends when a particular guest checks out. The primary process is the registration process carried out with the input of front desk staff of all the guest details, followed by the various invisible processes such as when the guest calls for a room service from the room for a service staff taking the order, process in the kitchen, filling of carts with requested supplies, adding guest requests in registration system etc. when the customer acquires services out of the room but in the hotel itself also requires processes such as preparing the food in a restaurant, mixing a drink in a bar which is a front stage process, registering signed bills into the transcript etc. The final process involves checking out the guest from the registration system fla gging task has been successfully accomplished by the front desk staff. 9.6 PEOPLE. In Hyatt Regency the culture is based on ethics and integrity which is partially employee driven recognizes the importance of employees and associates as its guests. It is essential for Hyatt Regency to recruit staff that share common interests in culture. The associates are educated to make a difference from day one, and they are offered with quality training to expertise in operational areas and also on management skills to deliver customer service. (Hyatt, 2010) Hyatt goes to great means in providing high quality health care insurance and retirement schemes for employees and family members. There is also educational re-imbursement program that provide an optimal learning experience to keep the associates up-to-date and ahead of competition. Hyatt Regency employees have a strong commitment and motivated through promotion opportunities within based on their performance and they are also offered with empowerment awards such as Hyatt Star which is a monetary reward for their performan ce. It is also possible for the associates to provide feedback through the Employee Opinion Survey. There are various advantages of working in a huge corporation like Hyatt from being able to have discounts on not only hotel rooms but also on a variety of other service products. Guests seldom make perceptions about the quality of services they receive through their interaction amongst employees. As the main goal of Hyatt seeking to be the most preferred brand among guests, they achieve this by providing high quality services but in turn the guests play a significant role in the delivery of service. The guests are also involved in co-production; they follow the hotels rules and guidelines which allows them and other guests to have to have an optimal experience and satisfaction. 9.7 PHYSICAL EVIDENCE. Hyatt Regency Dubais exterior seems somber but as a guest enters its doors, the interior creates an impressive, striking first impression. The floors are paved with smooth ivory marble across a vast reception area. The concierge is available on the left and a porter service on the right. The entrance to the Galleria is straight ahead and directions to each part of the hotel are clearly shown. There are elegant stairways as well. One of the many restaurants, The Kitchen provides an ambience of lounge music, sofas and a lounging area for guests who have just arrived, to relax in. There are gifts and souvenir shops as well as rental car shops all available with easy access for the guests. To transport guests baggage to their rooms, bellboys are available. The hotel has a contemporary look, cool neutrals and dark wood veneers providing a lush look to the interior. The staff at the concierge is very helpful and willing to help you with anything. The Galleria entrance provides access to th e ice rink and shopping facilities. ATMs are also provided inside. Internet WI-Fi is available to guests too. 9.8 PRODUCTIVITY Hyatt Regency Dubai ensures its customers its top most priority but also maintain that it is their employees who make the Hyatt experience, an outstanding one. Based on their Corporate Values, they empower their staff towards career development rather than just jobs. Business is conducted with an entrepreneurial attitude and innovation. Hyatt aims to draw and preserve a work force that are provided with a luxurious hospitable environment where they are comfortable and motivates them to provide high quality service levels. As Hyatt says We believe we can accomplish this by being a listening company of well-informed, impassioned people. Hyatt Regency Dubai provides extensive training regimes to inform and keep their employees up to date. They initiated a program called School Of Hospitality. This course provided courses which were standardised and customised to satisfy employees training needs as well as boost performance. Hyatt hopes to achieve higher customer focus, innovation and co nsistency whereas mainly offering authentic hospitality to each of their guests (Khan, T, 2009). 10.0 RECOMMENDATIONS. As we have analyzed the service delivery of Hyatt Regency Dubai, using the flower of service, SWOT analysis and their marketing mix strategies we have identified their issues and suggest the following recommendations. Hyatt Regencys customer segment should include more focus on leisure guests rather than just placing importance on business guests. Leisure guests can be accommodated at the Galleria apartments which are situated right next to Hyatt Regency and take advantage of the amenities and activities. The reason for this recommendation being that business guests are less likely to avail the facilities offered by the Galleria which are shopping, the salons, the eateries and the ice rink. By increasing their customer base, Hyatt can experience even greater revenues. Hyatt Regency having been in the UAE for almost more 30 years, they havent done any direct form of advertising for their hotel. Because of this, it has been seen that even some of the people who have been staying for more than 20 years in Dubai still dont know about Hyatt Regency. The hotel needs to re-review their modes on promotion. During our interview with the Executive Hospitality Manager, he mentioned that Hyatt Regency doesnt do any direct promotions in the UAE, but mostly in Europe and other international regions, because of the fact that their target customers are mainly business customers. This way Hyatt Regency can make its presence known more locally. Hyatt will also have to face the fact that many new hotels, are emerging, who use advertising to promote services similar to that of Hyatt Regency. A suggestion would be for Hyatt Regency to branch out and have few hotel apartment buildings located within certain parts of the city where businesses are mainly concentrated. Since many of Hyatts guests are business people, it would be more beneficial for them because at current, the location of Hyatt Regency is in area a bit away from the city. Possible solution would be to open up hotel apartment branches in business locations like Media City and Internet City. This would allow business guests to access the business sites much easily. Another huge concern that we observed about Hyatt Regency was that visitor parking behind the hotel was strewn with garbage. Being a 5 star hotel, Hyatt must take responsibility for looking after the cleanliness, not just of the hotel but also the premises within which it is located. Hyatt Regency needs to take steps to keep the parking lot clean, otherwise it would reflect badly on Hyatt Regencys image. 11.0 CONCLUSION. In conclusion, it is clearly evident that Hyatt Regency has been successfully able to target and satisfy their guests, mainly business customers. As a hotel that has been upholding its 5 star status for almost 3 decades, it is no doubt that Hyatt Regencys quality of service and hospitality is of top notch allowing the hotel to stand up to the tests of time. As the Executive Hospitality Manager said, many hotels offer the same service, but the amount of effort by Hyatt Regency to deliver those services is what differentiates it from the competition.

The Government’s Spending Review 2010 :: American Government, Budgeting, Spending Plans

The Government’s Spending Review 2010 The way the government sets out its budget is through allocation of monies to different governmental departments. These departments then allocate monies for services such as, health, defence, welfare benefits etc. â€Å"The Spending Review is the way that the Government sets spending plans for each department over a period of several years† (Anon, 2010)[1]. On 20th October 2010, the Government announced substantial UK spending cuts with local authorities, police, defence and welfare budgets all reduced. As a result the Government intends to â€Å"cut  £81 bn from public spending over four years† (BBC, 2010)[2]. Up to 500,000 public sector jobs could go by 2014/15, as a result of the cuts programme, according to the Office for Budget Responsibility (HM Treasury, 2010)[3]. Over the last few years the gap between what the Government took in as income and what it had to borrow to spend on services grew significantly. The yearly gap between the Government’s income and what it spends is known as the ‘deficit’. In recent years this deficit has grown in size. The key outcome from the Spending Review 2010, was to set in train a process of cutting the deficit and to make it more manageable and affordable in the future years. The government intends to do this through, reduction in government spending, such as, savings from welfare reforms and increases in taxation, e.g. the increase in VAT to 20 percent in January 2011 (Williamson, 2010)[4]. In the UK the Government obtains its income mainly from taxation, National Insurance contributions and excise duties. Due to the recession which began in 2008, the Government’s income dropped, but Government spending continued to increase. The deficit last year (2009/10) was  £155 bn (Anon, 2010)[1]. This is the amount of additional money the Government had to borrow to be able to pay for its spending on governmental activities last year. Macroeconomics The UK Government is pinning its hopes in the growth of the British economy, to help increase its income from taxation and by reducing the size of the public sector. The Office for National Statistics (ONS,2010)[5], confirmed in its press release on 24th November 2010, that the â€Å"UK economy grew at 0.8% between July and September 2010†. The 0.8% figure represents a slow down from 1.2% in the second quarter, but is still better than had been expected in the summer (Grierson, 2010)[6].

Ethnic Minorities in America Essay -- Ethnicity Hearing Impaired Paper

Ethnic Minorities in America In the United States the term "minority" often infers membership within an ethnic or cultural minority group. However, this term also encompasses other groups that lack equality, such as women, homosexuals and people with disabilities. By definition, the hearing majority classifies Deaf people as minorities because of their inability to hear. Yet linguists and social scientists argue that the basis of Deaf people's status as a minority group is not one of disability, but as a cultural and linguistic minority (Lane, Hoffmeister and Bahan: 1996: 335-6). In order to assert that Deaf people are a linguistic and cultural minority in America the characteristics of a minority group must first be defined. According to Schaeffer, members of a minority group share the following five characteristics: Members of a minority group experience unequal treatment and have less power over their lives than members of a dominant group. Members of a minority group share physical and cultural characteristics that distinguish them such as skin color or language. Each society has its own arbitrary standard for determining which characteristics are most important in defining dominant and minority groups. Membership in a dominant or majority group is often involuntary Minority group members have a strong sense of group solidarity. Members of a minority group generally marry others from the same group. (Schaffer, 1998: 6) Furthermore, ethnic minorities have other characteristics that set them apart from the majority such as language, national origin and cultural differences. (Schaffer, 1998: 7) Audism is defined as an attitude based on pathological thinking which results in a negative stigma toward anyon... ...ick. The World According to Pat: Reflections of Residential School Days ASLRTC Video Proceedings, TJ Publishers, Silver Spring, MD. Humphrey, Jan and Alcorn, Bob (1995). So You Want To Be An Interpreter: An Introduction to Sign Language Interpreting (2nd Edition) H&H Publishers, Amarillo, TX. Lane, Harlan; Hoffmeister, Rob and Bahan, Ben (1996). A Journey Into the Deaf-World Dawn Sign Press, San Diego, CA. Padden, Carol and Humphries, Tom (1988). Deaf In America: Voices From a Culture Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. Schaeffer, Richard T. (1998). Racial and Ethnic Groups (7th Edition) Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers, Inc., New York, NY. Shelly, Suan and Schneck, Jim (1998). The Complete Idiot's Guide to Learning Sign Language Alpha Books, New York, NY. Wilcox, Sherman (ed) (1989). American Deaf Culture Linstok Press, Burtonsville, MD.

Analysis of the Guiness Trust LTD Business Plan Essay -- essays resear

For any successful business such as the Guinness Trust one needs to have a business plan, which normally comprises of a 5 year plan detailing their operating plans. The plan details where you are now, where you want to be and your plan for growth. In short this is a blue print of the steps needed to build any business. A business plan is often required to obtain monetary funds, whether from investors or local government. Potential investors will look at the strength of the plan before your business is considered for investment, they will be looking for a plan which indicates a healthy return of profit. With good business plans instilled, investors will want to join any successful business such as the Parchment Housing Group Ltd which joined as part of the Guinness Trust Group. This plan also helps to structure the financial side of any business, but essentially it helps to raise funds if required. The plan is not just for banks and investors but is a guide post for employees. It al so demonstrates to people that you are worth supporting and communicates to staff and other interested parties in what direction you are heading. Guinness Trust Business plan stated how they were able to focus their efforts, set objectives, what its priorities are, stated their vision, what their core values are and set which way the company was heading. It also enabled it to set realistic targets that allow some flexibility without deviating away from their core objectives. The Guinness trust have sound and comprehensive plans which includes the Strategic Plan , the five year action plan, environmental plan ,construction clients charter action plan and the national action plan. With these plans they are able to sustain a viable business which... ... hardly in companies and nobody had ever heard of e-mails, let alone mobile phones, internet or the company intranet. Present Day companies need to be aware of the latest technologies to be able to stay in competition, and possibly improve their products. Lastly legal constraints which all though not part off the PEST analysis but is part of PESTLE and SLEPT analysis I feel its still just as important as the rest of the categories of PEST. Factors such as changes in law and regulations are such issues that companies need to be aware of and to anticipate in which changes may affect the way they perform. Looking at the business plan of the Guinness Trust Ltd they have more than just covered the basic contents of a business plan when you read it, it leaves you in no doubt that they have covered every aspect that might be asked of them from any future investor.

Mental illness and prison

From the 1960’s to the 1980’s, the deinstitutionalization movement demanded that the mentally ill be treated in the community, using new drug therapies that appeared to control even the most extreme behaviors of the mentally ill.   This liberation of psychiatric patients was reinforced by court decisions that awarded certain legal rights to the emotionally ill.   But few community-based programs were developed to treat psychiatric patients effectively.   Released to the community without adequate support and treatment services, the mentally ill gravitated to criminal confinement facilities for offenders, particularly the jail but also to the prisons of the United States. It is estimated that about 15 percent of offenders imprisoned at any time have severe or acute mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, manic-depression illness, and depression.   Approximately 10 to 15 percent of persons with these three illnesses die by suicide.   Yet current treatment is extremely effective, if given.   Prisoners tend to be in poor mental health and about 80 percent of male prisoners and 80 percent of female jail inmates will, over their lifetime, have at least one psychiatric disorder. The greater the level of disability while in prison, the more likely the inmate is to receive mental health services.   In practice, proportionately more female prisoners use mental health services than do males, and whites are more likely to seek or secure prison mental health services than others.   At least half of the inmates who need such treatment go without it (Sigurdson, 2001). While the U.S. Supreme Court has not found that inmates have a constitutional right to treatment, it has ruled an inmate’s constitutional right to medical treatment includes the right to treatment for serious emotional illness.   The correction system is caught in the middle.   Institutions are not required to provide services simply because their clients are criminals, and thus have shifted critical funds to other uses, such as increased security staffing.   The threat of potential litigation has meant that some revision and provisions of mental health services for seriously ill inmates is necessary. As the mentally ill become a larger segment of the population in jails and prisons, professionals in the mental health field became essential to the correctional administrators.   The ratio of mental health practitioners to inmates remains much too low, there has been some progress.   Because many institutions must deal with mental health issues on a priority basis, few to no services are provided for the majority who do not exhibit violent or bizarre behavior.   It is a practical fact that in corrections â€Å"the squeaky wheel gets the grease† (Steadman, 1991). For some inmates, the impacts of prison life overwhelm their usual coping patterns.   Some factors that lead to prison psychosis include the routine of prison, fear of other inmates, forced homosexual behavior, assault and fear of assault, deteriorating in affairs and circumstances of family on the outside of prison and depression.   When the psychological crisis comes, correctional administrators frequently transfer affected inmates to prison infirmaries or psychological treatment words, or initiate inmate transfer to a mental health system. Long-term and intensive psychotherapy for mentally ill inmates is believed to be rare.   Treatment for episodic mental crisis tends to remain at the first aid level in many states.   Death rows do not usually contain a large proportion of a prison’s population but subsume a disproportionate share of the per inmate cost due to the demands of observing, caring, and maintaining death row.   That includes a lower staff-inmate ratio, mail processing, death-watch officer workload, closer custody during recreational periods and so on.   Some inmates on death row become mentally ill and as such cannot be executed (Ford v. Wainright, 106 S. Ct. 2595, 1986). The state has an additional burden of determining if the death-row inmate is insane, establishing some procedure to restore the inmate to sanity, and then certifying the sanity of the patient-inmate.   Because this would be tantamount to a death sentence and not a favor for the inmate, it is unlikely mental health physicians would undertake that process alone or with any great enthusiasm.   It remains for the states to develop procedures for identifying, diagnosing, treating, and certifying the sanity of death row inmates who claim to be insane (Steadman & Monahan, 1984). For the extreme behavior cases, there are special units for more intensive treatment, such as the one in Washington State.   That unit is a model of how to deal with extreme mentally and behaviorally disordered prisoners.   Unfortunately, that facility can handle only 144 inmates.   The figure is only about one-tenth of the commonly recognized population of inmates who could use more intensive mental health services.   One quickly finds that only the really severe cases are able to be referred to the Special Offender Center. It appears that the relationship between crime and mental disorder has no real cause effect.   It is essential for society to learn more about distinguishing between different kinds of mental illness and their impacts on safe and secure administration of correctional institutions.   It is important to remember that the real link to look for is one that indicates the potential for harm to the mentally ill person and others.   It may be a long time before such options are available to the already overcrowded corrections system in the United States (Wessely & Taylor, 1991). There are two justifications that defendants can invoke in an attempt to relieve themselves of criminal responsibility for a criminal act.   The first is not guilty by reason of insanity and the second is incompetent to stand trial.   In the first instance, offenders do not deny the commission of the act, but assert they lacked the capacity to understand the nature of the act or that it was wrong. The second instance is based on the common law criterion that defendants must be able to understand the charges against them to cooperate with their counsel in the preparation of their own defense.   The procedures for determining competency vary considerably among jurisdictions, but most make it a court decision based on psychiatric testimony.   If defendants are found incompetent to stand trial, then they are usually committed to a mental institution until declared competent (Hans, 1986). Psychiatric judgment of mental abnormality enters into the criminal law in three ways.   Aside from fitness to stand trial and criminal responsibility, if an individual is convicted, psychiatry is often consulted in designing a custodial or treatment program for him or her. One problem in the use of psychiatry in the legal system is that there are vast and irreconcilable differences in the legal standards; fairness is achieved by responding to a specific act with a specific type of reaction while ignoring a mass of details about the accused. On the other hand, in the mental health approach of psychiatry the whole personality of the accused is relevant in determining the state’s response to criminal behavior.   Psychiatry is an applied science, but legal practice makes no such claim.   Clearly, as long as a judge and jury have such important roles in the court process, convicted criminals cannot be treated primarily according to scientific standards.   While it is customary for a judge and jury to participate in the legal process, we would find their dealing with matters of mental health bizarre and while the legal process is typically open to scrutiny by all people affected, the procedures of psychiatry are almost never made public.   The types of accountability of the legal and mental health systems are quite different. If a court correctly describes the facts of a case and chooses the correct legal response to these facts, the court is never held accountable for any negative consequences flowing from its actions, such as the suicide of a convicted offender.   What ultimately happens to the convicted offender or whether the offender’s family must go on welfare is not the court’s concern.   The judge is not bound to such utilitarian considerations.   However the judge is bound by law to a specific range of responses.   Psychiatry, on the other hand, is responsible for how its decisions affect the individual in the future (Galliher, 1989). With the advent of legal insanity and legal incompetence as defenses against criminal conviction caused the development of special asylums for the criminally insane, in most cases just another form of prison without due process protections.   In more recent years those claiming to be not guilty by reason of insanity have been the subjects of considerable debate.   President Nixon sought to have the not guilty by reason of insanity defense abolished.   More informed criminologists point to such problems with the insanity defense as excessive media coverage, suspicion of malingering by the defendant, and conflicting and suspicious testimony by mental health professionals testifying for either the defense or the prosecution. The insanity defense is used in less than 1 percent of all felony cases and of those only one in four are found to be not guilty by reason of insanity.   One study found only the most emotionally and behaviorally disturbed defendants to be successful in their plea and that the successful petitioners had committed more serious offenses.   The decision to acquit is more frequently made in court b y prosecutors, defense attorneys, and the judge, and less frequently by jury members.   Persons acquitted by the not guilty by reason of insanity are generally found less likely than their cohort offenders to commit crimes after release (Hans, 1986). Prosecutors often hope that those accused offenders acquitted through the plea of not guilty by reason of insanity will be institutionalized for a period sufficient to reduce their dangerousness, and to provide both public and safety and some retribution.   The debate continues.   Perhaps the most reasonable solution would be to determine guilt first and then sift the issue of diminished capacity or insanity in that case to the sentencing or case disposition state.   The American Psychiatric Association, following the attack by John Hinckley on the life of President Reagan, recognized that position. As a response, by 1986, twelve states abolished the insanity defense entirely then created guilty by mentally ill statutes in its place.   Under those statues, an offender’s mental illness is acknowledged but not seen as sufficient reason to allow him or her to escape criminal responsibility.   If convicted, offenders are committed to prison.   Some states will provide mental health treatment in the prison setting, but others may transfer the offender to a mental health facility for treatment.   In Georgia, defendants who entered insanity pleas but were determined guilty by mental illness received harsher sentences than their counterparts, whose guilt was determined in trial suggesting increased punishment for the disturbed offender (Callahan, McGreevy & Cirincione, 1992). Persons with mental disability, such as mentally disturbed or disorders, were once scorned, banished, and even burned as evil.   But in more enlightened times we have built backwoods fortresses for them to protect ourselves from contagion.   They have been executed as witches, subjected to exorcism, chained or thrown into gatehouses and prisons to furnish a horrible diversion for the other prisoners.   Before the Middle Ages persons with a mental illness were generally tolerated and usually cared for locally by members of their own family, tribal system, or primitive society. However widespread poverty, disease, and religious fanaticism seemed to trigger intolerance for any unexplainable deviation from the norm.   The mentally disturbed were thought to be possessed by devils and demons and were punished harshly because of it.   The first insane asylum was constructed in Europe in 1408.   From that date until recently the asylum was a dumping ground for all the mentally disordered people that could be neither understood nor cured. In the United States, one after another of the individual states responded to that compelling method of ridding society of misfits, and built numerous institutions during the mid 1800’s.   The inflated claims of cures for mental illness could not stand up against the process of institutionalization and long-term commitments sometimes for a lifetime and not cures became the rules of the day (Ives, 1914). Asylums became yet another invisible empire in America with the punitive excess and lack of care or caring ignored by society. â€Å"Out of sight, out of mind† was the catch phrase of these unfortunates.   With the discovery of tranquilizing drugs, these places became a place where patients were put into a controllable stupor, until a cure could be found.   Because of longer and longer periods of institutionalization usually by family members finally got the attention of the courts. In the 1960’s the rights of all citizens, including the mentally ill and convicts, were being re-examined at every level. The abuses in the back wards of the asylums were brought to light and the counter-reaction was extreme.   In the early 1970’s, state after state adopted policies under the Community Mental Health Act that swept the country.   The essential goal was to release all inmates of the asylums who were not a clear and present danger to themselves and society.   This act flooded the central cities of America with tens of thousands of mentally impaired street people and created poorhouses.   The response by most jurisdictions has been to transfer the problem to the criminal justice system, filling the jails and correctional institutions of America, a process known as transintitutionalization (Arrigo, 2002). There appears to be some confusion between physical disease and mental disease.   Because physicians have made great strides in gaining knowledge about physical disease, it is assumed by some people that this is also true of physicians’ knowledge about mental disease.   That is the tendency is to apply the same standards of competence to both areas of practice, even though this is hardly warranted. The distinction between crime and mental illness is unclear.   Some of the writers assume that nearly all criminal behavior is a manifestation of mental disease.   It seems that the reason for both of these ambiguities is that we really do not know what mental illness is, and that is the reason we cannot distinguish between mental illness and physical illness on the one hand and mental illness and crime on the other.   It is unfortunate that the long indeterminate sentences often given to mentally disordered offenders reflect a fear that those committed might be a problem in the future. It is the expectation that someone is capable of predicting criminal inclination that makes so questionable the programs for treating the mentally disordered.   So, one can see the paradox of requiring psychiatrists to predict behavior and to attach a label to offenders, when that might result in an indefinite or even lifelong commitment to a mental institution for someone who is not really dangerous, such as a false-positive prediction.   The individual is then labeled for custody and treatment in a special area within that institution.   When you consider the wealth of folklore surrounding mental institutions, it becomes clear that a dreadful lifelong stigma accompanies the label of criminally insane.   While the public remains upset by the gaping loophole in the net of justice, the courts continue to seek out equitable ways to deal with the offender who has diminished mental capacity. Reference: Arrigo, B. (2002). â€Å"Transcarceration: A Costructive Ethnology of Mentally-Ill    Offenders†.   Prison Journal 81(2), 162-186. Callahan, L., McGreevy, M., & Cirincione, C. (1992).   â€Å"Measuring the Effects of the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guilty but Mentally Ill Verdict: Georgia’s 1982 GBMI Reform†.   Law and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Human Behavior 16(4), 447-462. Galliher, J. (1989).   Criminology: Human Rights, Criminal Law, and Crime.   N.J.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prentice Hall. Hans, V. (1986).   â€Å"An analysis of Public Attitudes toward the Insanity Defense†.   Criminology 24(3), 393-413. Ives, G. (1914). A History of Penal Methods.   London: S. Paul. Sigurdson, C. (2001).   â€Å"The Mad, The Bad and The Abandoned: The mentally Ill in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prisons and Jails†.   Corrections Today 62(7), 162-186. Steadman, H. (1991).   â€Å"Estimating Mental Health Needs and Service Utilization Among   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prison Inmates.†Ã‚   Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law    19(3), 297-307. Steadman, H. J. & Monahan, J. (1984).   Crime and Mental Disorder.   Washington, D.C.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   U.S. Department of Justice. Wessely, S., & Taylor, P.J. (1991). â€Å"Madness and Crime: Criminology versus   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychiatry†.   Criminal Justice